Beilschmiedia brenesii C.K. Allen ('Chanchito')
Tree, 7-30 m, mature forest; petiole to 6-8 mm; leaves to 4 x 10 cm, glabrous, blade ovate to elliptic, base and tip acute, leathery to stiff, V-shaped in cross section, lateral veins 11-13, weakly expressed above and below, arcing prominantly upward near margin, tertiary veins also expressed, especially when dry, margin slightly revolute; fruiting peduncles 1-10 cm, stiff and woody, pedicels 7-10 mm, fruit to 2.5 x 4 cm, green to black; seed to 22 x 40 mm, surface rough, fibrous, orange brown.
Common, Pc at 1200-1500 m. FR: aug.
Guindon 9, 14
Beilschmiedia spec. nov. near brenesii (Chancho Blanco)
Tree, 15-35 m, mature forest and pasture; bark gray brown, scalloped in large individuals; twig solid, with small ridges and grooves, dark green, glabrous, woody twigs round with orange-brown bark; leaf buds with dense semi-appressed tan to brown hairs; petiole 5-8 mm, shallowly grooved, curved upward, odor mild; leaves bunched at twig tips, often with opposite and alternate mixed, to 5.5 x 13 cm, glabrous, leathery, mostly elliptic, sometimes weakly obovate, tip rounded to short acute, base acute, flat, not V-shaped in cross section, midvein expressed above, reddish below, lateral veins 8-11, nearly straight, very short at base of blade, weakly expressed above, expressed below, tertiary veins weakly expressed above and below (especially when dry), without domatia; fruiting peduncles 2-6 cm, pedicel 1-1.5 cm, fruit to 20 x 35 mm, shiny black; seed to 17 x 32 mm, orange brown, surface rough, shell 1 mm thick, seed pinkish in x-section.
Common, Pc at 800-1200 m, San Luis to Canitas. FR: jun-aug.
Haber 10749, Guindon 10
Note: leaf tips of B. brenesii curl downward and point toward the ground; leaf tips of Chancho blanco are blunt to short acute and straight and point upward toward the sky.
Beilschmiedia costaricensis Mez & Pittier (Chancho rosado)
Tree, 20-40 m, to 1m dbh, mature forest; twigs pale green, glabrous, weakly grooved; petiole to 2 cm, D-shaped, free, faintly ridged on dorsal margins, glabrous; leaves somewhat bunched at twig tips, to 4 x 10 cm, glabrous, blade widest just beyond middle or elliptic, tip blunt to acute, base acute, lateral veins 5-6, yellow above, expressed below, strongly ascending in basal half, tertiary veins weakly expressed above, obscure below, odor weak to none and often not typically lauraceous; peduncles 2-6 cm, woody and stiff; fruit black; seed x-section white (immature).
Common, Pc at 1450-1550 m. FR: feb-mar.
Note: = B. pendula (Sw.) Hemsl. Leaf similar to Ocotea floribunda with yellow veins showing through from below, but is often widest beyond middle, little odor, higher elevation habitat.
Haber 9838
Beilschmiedia immersinervis Sa. Nashida ('Red bark')
Haber 6967
Beilschmiedia alloiophylla (Rusby) Kosterm.
[was ovalis (S.F. Blake) C.K. Allen]
Tree, 15-30 m, mature forest; twigs 8-10 mm diameter at tips, brown and rough, bearing clustered old leaf scars; petiole to 12 mm, free; leaves clustered at twig tips, to 11 x 16 cm, glabrous, widest beyond middle, apex blunt to short acute, base acute, bullate above, glaucous below, papery, lateral veins 10-12, strongly expressed below, forking and loop connected 2 mm from margin, veins tomentose with brown powdery microscopic pubescence above and below; inflorescences axillary and clustered among terminal leaves, 3-11 cm, once branched; bisexual, flowers yellow-green; fruit black ...
Uncommon, Pc at 1300-1450 m, more common northwest of Santa Elena. FL: jul-aug.
Haber 8502
Beilschmiedia tilaranensis Sa. Nashida ('Big Fruit')
Tree, 10-25 m; twig prominently ridged and grooved, glabrous, becoming mottled green and black; leaf buds with fine brown pubescence; petiole 1-2 cm, shallow-grooved, glabrous; blade to 6 x 11 cm, glabrous, obovate, apex rounded to short pointed, base acute, distinct from petiole, flat to weakly revolute, not turned under, midvein expressed above, lateral veins 6-10, minutely raised above, strongly expressed below, a slight bluish cast below, odor weak in petiole, stronger in twig; fruit black ...
Rare, ridge along road to Las Nubes in area of San Bosco and Los Olivos at 1500 m (Continental divide). FT: medium to large in Mar 00.
Bello 4017
Cinnamomum brenesii (Standl.) Kosterm. (Aguacatillo- Leon & Poveda)
Small to large tree, mature forest and pasture;
Uncommon on PS at 1000 to 1100 m, dry risges in Los Cerros area.
Haber 9945
Cinnamomum paratriplinerve Lorea-Hernandez, ined. (Aguacatillo)
Medium to large tree, 15-25 m, mature forest and egde; twigs dark green, grooved, mottled with black, older twigs nearly black; leaves to 7.5 x 15 cm, stiff and leathery, narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, apex acute to acuminate, base acute to rounded, 3-veined at base, lateral veins 3-4, strongly expressed throughout, also most leaves have 1-2 lateral veins in basal half of blade (unlike cinnamomifolia), veins dark above and impressed, yellow green below, often with pubescent vein axils and some with bumps above; inflorescences to 8 cm, twice branched, cream, puberulent, very open pattern; flowers 3.5 mm x 2 mm wide with pedicels 2-4 mm, receptacle green, tepals cream, 2 mm, equal, very sparsely puberulent outside, densely pubescent inside, nectar glands orange yellow, small flaps attached on each side of inner stamens, staminodes pale green, except orange on inner face, with large sagittate heads; fruit ...
Common, PS sat 1450-1550 m; FL: jun; FR:
Guindon 29 (near C. neurophyllum, 2 Sep 91, Camacho farm above S. Elena. )
Cinnamomum tonduzii (Mez) Kosterm. (Aguacatillo)
(was neurophyllum (Mez & Pittier) Kosterm., cf.)
(Note: this may now be C. paratriplinerve Lorea-Hernandez (Bello 589)
Tree, 15-35 m, mature forest; petioles to 2 cm, channeled above; leaves to 4.5 x 11 cm (often much smaller), glabrous (veins and petioles brown tomentose when young), leathery to stiff, tip acute, base obtuse, weakly decurrent and revolute, V-shaped in x-section with midvein down-curved, basal secondary veins weakly expressed below, others flat, tufted domatia in basal vein axils faint to absent; inflorescences to 12 cm, in distal axils and terminal, once branched, very open, yellow to pink; flowers yellow, 3 mm, narrow, stamens elongate, filaments pubescent, inner stamens with 2 yellow scoop-shaped glands at base; fruit ...
Occasional, Pc at 1400-1500 m. FL: may-jun, aug; FR:
Note: leaves of saplings very different from adult, to 13 x 23 cm, petiole 3 cm, grooved, free, blade glabrous, bullate, broadly elliptic to obovate, tip abruptly acute, basal veins ascending, but not very distinct from others, all strongly expressed, most vein axils with sparse hairs, tertiary veins also expressed.
Haber 10367
Cinnamomum triplinerve (Ruiz & Pav.) Kosterm. (Aguacatillo)
[was cinnamomifolium (Kunth) Kosterm.]
Tree, 10-35 m, mature forest and edge; petiole to 1.5 cm, free, deeply channeled above, often red; leaves to 4 x 13 cm, basal veins strongly ascending, most with tufted domatia in the axils, lateral veins obscure; fruiting peduncles 2-10 cm, reddish, pedicel plus cupule 2 cm long, red and yellow, cupule 8 mm diameter; fruit 10 x 15 mm (-11 x 21 mm), green with yellow spots immature, black mature, with large persistent calyx lobes; seed 7 x 14 mm (-8 x 18 mm), brown (beige immature), surface smooth, a ridge down both sides.
Common, Pc at 1300-1400 m. FR: jun, aug.
Guindon 15
Licaria spec. nov. near excelsa
Tree, 10-20 m; twigs gray brown, shallow grooved, rough, with prominent lenticels; leaf buds long-pointed, glabrous, 5 mm; petioles to 17 mm, free, D-shaped, but with dorso-lateral ridges, reddish when young, blades to 7 x 15 cm, totally glabrous, thick and leathery, elliptic, length 2-2.5 X the width, tip acute, base obtuse to rounded, , slightly bullate above, midvein yellow above and below, lateral veins 9-11, finely keeled above, weakly expressed below; inflorescences 8 cm, in distal leaf axils, much branched, dull green mottled with brown, puberulent; pedicels 1-4 mm, many shaded pink-red; flowers 2.5-3 mm long x 2.7-3 mm diameter, barrel-shaped with flat top, pale green with shiny yellowish semi-erect puberulence, outer 3 tepals larger and nearly covering inner 3, stamens fused and covering entire pistil except for stigma, thick throughout, pollen pockets tiny, round, on dorsal surface near stigma, valves opening inward toward stigma (unlike Burger's description), 3 yellow nectaries bordering stamens outside, each with 3 lobes 0.4 mm tall; fruit ...
Ridges above Santa Elena on road to Las Nubes. (desc from Alfredo Camacho farm above Santa Eleana, 2 Sep 91). FL: may-jun; FR: jun...
Guindon 28
Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm. (Quizarrá- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, 15 m, forest and pasture; petiole 2 cm, D-shaped; leaves to 5 x 12 cm, glabrous, stiff, elliptic,veins yellow green above, inconspicuous below, inflorescences on distal twigs, 3-5 cm; flowers 2-3 mm, globose, yellow green with pink pedicels, tepals subequal, tightly appressed to anthers, stamens thick, without narrowed filament, with tiny round pollen pockets on dorsal face; fruit cupule red with broad uneven flange below margin, ...
Rare, Pc at 1000-1250 m (Lindora valley), Finca Ecologica, and At and continental divide in La Cruz area at 1400-1550m. FL: jun; FR:
Guindon 4
Nectandra martinicensis Mez
Medium tree to 20 m, mature forest and edge; twig solid, assymetrical, glabrous, green, with lenticels, blackish at apex and somewhat angular; leaf bud short and pointed with appressed gray-beige hairs; petiole 8-15 mm, D-shaped, free from blade, minutely puberulent; leaves to 5.5 x 24 cm, glabrous, elliptic to weakly lanceolate, apex and base acute, flat, midvein weakly expressed above, pale green and contrasting, lateral veins 8-11, minutely keeled above, expressed below, basal 3-4 pairs with hairy domatia in axils forming small bumps dorsally, fine appressed hairs on blade below, odor medium strong; ...
Haber 11390
Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb.
Tree, 20 m, mature and secondary forest; twigs weakly grooved, dark green heavily mottled with black; petiole to 1cm; leaves to 5 x 17 cm, elliptic, widest at or just below middle, tip acute to acuminate, base acute, somewhat decurrent and revolute, papery to leathery, U-shaped profile with down-curved midvein, lateral veins 4-6, strongly ascending, not loop-connected, pale green above, strongly expressed below and reddish, micro-pubescent, odor strong; inflorescences to 10 cm, clustered at twig tips, much branched, bearing hundreds of flowers; flowers 2 mm, cream, tepals spreading at anthesis, white pappillose inside, outer stamens with short filaments, anthers wider than long, pollen pockets in a broad arc; fruit almost round, dark green to dull black ...
Occasional, Pc at 1300-1500 m. FL: aug.
Haber 10583
Nectandra salicina C.K. Allen ('Canelo')
Tree, 5-20 m, mature forest and edge; twigs round, pale brown, without ridges; petiole to 1 cm, D-shaped; leaves to 2.5 x 9 cm, glabrous (only a few appressed hairs along midvein), narrowly ovate, tip blunt to acute, not decurrent on petiole, leathery, stiff, without domatia or pubescent vein axils, lateral veins 7-9, strongly ascending, very faintly expressed below, dark green above, pale green below; peduncles 3-6 cm, pink red, mostly with one fruit, pedicel plus cupule 18 mm long x 8 mm wide, red, fruit to 17 x 22 mm, green with yellow spots immature to black mature; seed 14 x 20 mm, round at one end, beaked at other, smooth, dark brown.
Common, Pc at 1200-1300 m, Monteverde to San Luis to San Rafael. FR: aug.
Guindon 18
Nectandra smithii C.K. Allen, cf.
Tree, small to medium, mature forest and edge; twigs brown, appressed rusty pubescent, grooved;petiole 6-12 mm, appressed pubescent with orange brown hairs, D-shaped, slightly ridged on dorsal margins with blade feintly decurrent; leaves to 3.5 x 7.5 cm, leathery, elliptic, tip acute with rounded point, base acute, midvein reddish above and below, lateral veins 4-6, obscure, reaching to 1mm from margin, pubescent domatia in axils; infructescences 1.5-5 cm, delicate and arching, barely erect, pedicel with cup 8-10 mm, cupule red, 5-6 mm wide, fruit to 11 x 16 mm, green with yellow spots to black, often with a wide range of flowers, and tiny to mature fruits on same tree; seed to 11 x 15 mm, smooth, faint nipple at one end, blunt at other; seed ...
Occasional, Pc at 1450-1550 m. FL: ; FR: aug.
Haber 9831 (Guindon 19)
(Small elliptic leaf with red midvein, bearded domatia, small cups on rounded fruit, veins pale green above and feintly raised, but obscure and blending in below. )
Ocotea austinii C.K. Allen ('Ira Rosa, Quizarrá barcino'- Leon & Poveda)
[was pittieri (Mez) van der Werff]
Tree, 2-10 m, exposed ridges and broken forest on high peaks; twigs brown, finely ridged below petioles, puberulent; petiole to 1 cm, dorsally compressed with wide dorso-lateral ridges, not channeled, leaves somewhat bunched at twig tips, to 3 x 7 cm, elliptic to obovate, tip blunt to acute, base acute, decurrent onto petiole, often curled under at base, stiff and crinkly, appressed hairs below on blade and veins, midvein very weakly raised above and below, lateral veins 4-6, flat above and below, axils often with tufted domatia below (seen as feint bumps above), odor?; inflorescences axillary, 3-5 cm, few-flowered, lateral branches to 1 cm with up to 5 flowers; flowers 3 mm long, outer tepals distinctly shorter than inner, cream, pubescent outside, little pubescence inside; fruit ...
Occasional, Pc at 1550-1850 m. FL: apr.
Haber 11115
Ocotea brenezii Standl.
Tree, 6 m, secondary forest edge; twigs solid, round to slightly grooved, delicate (2.5 mm), soon glabrous, bark brown; leaf buds with long beige hairs; petiole free to 1.5 cm, grooved, minutely pubescent; leaves to 6 x 15 cm, elliptic, widest at or just below middle, apex acuminate, base obtuse, margin flat, midvein pale above and slightly raised, lateral veins 5-6, often strongly ascending, faintly raised above, expressed below, loop-connected 3-4 mm from margin, the loops with truncate apex, nearly glabrous above, sparse appressed golden hairs below, vein axils sometimes bearded, but without domatia; inflorescence 5-7 cm, axillary and extra-axillary, peduncle 3-4 cm, delicate, barely erect, pale green, nearly glabrous, 6-8 flowers per inflorescence; flowers bisexual, 5-6 mm long, 10 mm across, pedicel 8 mm, pale green, glabrous, tepals cream white, 3.5-4 mm; fruit black with red cupule, 23 mm long, rim 14 mm diameter, sharp and smooth without tepals, slightly constricted below rim, then expanded into a bulge.
Occasional, At at 800-1200 m. FL: mar; FR: feb-mar. Note: this one could be a less hairy example of brenesii as seen before.
Haber 6988
Ocotea endresiana Mez ('Ira mangle', 'Sigua oloroso'- Leon & Poveda)
Haber 9537
Ocotea floribunda (Sw.) Mez (Quizarrá quina)
Haber 10375
Ocotea gomezii W.C. Burger
Tree, 7-8 m, mature forest understory. Twigs round, 3 mm, dense red brown pubescent until quite old; leaves to 13 x 20 cm, petiole 1-2 cm, round and thick (4 mm), red brown pubescent, free from blade, blade broadly elliptic to ovate, sometimes almost round, widest just beyond middle, apex abruoptly acuminate with a drip tip, base obtuse, often slightly unequal, midvein expressed above and below, lateral veins 7-8, expressed above and below, but in troughs above giving a bullate look, loop-connecting close to magin, glabrous above, pubescent below, blade slightly concave below, blade glabrous above, dense soft long beige hairs below; inflorescence axillary and pseudo-terminal, 4-12 cm, peduncle 3-9 cm, somewhat limp, arching to pendant, red brown to yellow brown pubescent, lateral branches few, 5-15 mm with 1-4 flowers each, entire inflorescence with 5-12 flowers, bracts 1-4 mm, narrow triangular, deciduous during flowering; flower with pedicel 5-8 mm, 2 bracts (2 mm) just above base, yellow orange pubescent, flower 12-13 mm long, appearing cream to orange brown (darker when older), conical at anthesis, but lobes spreading with age, lobes 8-9 mm, cream to orange beige pubescent outside, glandular papillose inside, outer 3 lobes (5-6 x 8-9 mm),
longer than inner lobes, apex rounded, stamens 9, outer series with anthers 1.7 x 2 mm, pubescent outside, pockets virtical, lower pair larger, cream, filaments 0.6 mm, much narrower than anther, pubescent with sparse long white hairs inside, inner stamens 3 mm, cream white, narrow filament 1.5 mm, sericeous, anther glabrous, rectangular, basal glands large and tightly packed, white, forming a ring around inner stamens, 3 staminodes present, reduced, crowded between glands and inconspicuous, pistil 4 mm, cream, ovary 1.8 mm, with a ring of long hairs around base, style 2 mm, stigma feintly lobed, delicate sweet fragrance; infructescence pendant with 2-5 fruit, cupule 12-15 mm long x 12-15 mm wide, conical, red, 6 prominent lobes 4-6 mm long often with tepals persisting apically, drupe to 18 x 32 mm, green immature to black mature, extreme base yellow orange, flesh 2 mm thick, yellow with strong odor; seed 14 x 29 mm, hard in life, apex acute, surface smooth, pale brown with extensive black streaking, attractive.
Rare, Pc at 1400 m (Quebrada Maquina). FL: jan; FR: dec-feb.
Haber 9781, 10999
Ocotea holdridgeiana W.C. Burger (' Aguacatillo blanco'- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, 20 m, mature forest and edge; twigs solid, round, glabrous, smooth and gray without lenticels, fine appressed hairs when young; leaf buds with dense appresed beige hairs; petioles 15-23 mm, almost round, dorsum flat to weakly grooved; leaves well-spaced, to 5 x 15 cm, glabrous, elliptic, apex long acuminate (2 cm), base long acute, free from petiole, margin often wavy, midvein expressed above and yellow, lateral veins 5-6, finely keeled above and yellow, expressed below, basal veins strongly ascending, distal veins loop-connected, hairy domatia in 1-3 basal vein axils making small bumps dorsally, tertiary veins yellow above, faintly raised above and below, odor weak, only soarse minute hairs on mature leaves; inflorescences 5-7 cm, unbranched axillary spikes; flowers white, tepals 4-5 mm long, curled, not opening very wide, but free to base like Nectandra; fruit ...
Road in Preserve at 1550 m (top of first hill). FL: jun; FR: none seen.
Haber 12771 (El Camino, keyed out in Burger and van der Werff)
Note: easy to confus with N. membranacea, which lacks domatia, has non-contrasting lateral veins, and branched inflorescences.
Ocotea spec. nov. near holdridgeiana ('Gland leaf")
Uncommon on PS at 1400-1550 m (Camacho fragment, Jim Wolfe, lower Preserve); AS at Poco Sol.
Haber 11093 (Alfredo Camacho farm)
Ocotea leucoxylon (Sw.) Laness.
Haber 9539
Ocotea meziana C.K. Allen
Tree, 15-30 m, mature forest; twigs round, glabrous, green often mottled with black; petiole to 1.5 cm, D-shaped and weakly ridged dorsally; leaves to 5.5 x 15 cm, glabrous, membranous, feintly bullate, elliptic, tip acuminate, base acute, margin strongly undulate, midvein yellow above, less distinct below, lateral veins 6-10, weakly expressed above and below, strongly ascending near base, minute pit domatia usually present along veins, odor strong; dioecious; inflorescences 4-6 cm, axillary, peduncles 3-5 cm, lateral branches pale green, 5-10 mm, bearing one to several groups of 3 flowers; flower 2.5 mm, yellow, tepals barely opening, outer tepals slightly shorter, glabrous, stamens elongate with distinct filaments, orange nectar glands; fruit ...
Common, Pc at 1400-1550 m. FL: aug (rare).
Guindon 25
Note: very close to Ocotea tenera, but blade more undulate and less bullate, veins connected closer to margin, domatia more variable.
Ocotea monteverdensis W.C. Burger (Quizarrá amarillo') ('Quizarrá blanco'- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, to 30 m, mature forest; twigs round, faintly grooved, densely rust pubescent; petiole to 1cm, D-shaped, pubescent; leaves to 4.5 x 10 cm, glabrous above, dense appressed hairs below, lanceolate to elliptic, widest near middle, tip blunt to acute, base often decurrent on petiole, lateral veins 6-8, expressed, odor distinct; inflorescences 3-11 cm, axillary, much branched, pubescent; flowers 3 mm, cream yellow (tree appearing orange-yellow from a distance), tepals pubescent inside and out, opening to about 45 degrees; fruit ...
Common, Pc at 1300-1500 m. FL: jul-aug;
Guindon 26
Ocotea nicaraguensis Mez
Haber 11691
Ocotea paulii C.K. Allen
Treelet, 3 m, open understory; distal stems hollow; petiole 2 cm, curved and very thick; leaves to 9 x 35 cm, glabrous, apex acute, lateral veins 10-12; inflorescences axillary and terminal, to 25 cm, some red shading especially in axils; flowers 3 mm, white, tepals nearly equal, barely opening; infructescences to 40 cm; fruit 11 x 13 mm, black, cupule 7 mm diameter, dark red.
Rare on Pc at 1550 m (Finca Canada), rare on At at 900-1200 m. FL: jun; FR: jun.
Haber 9004, 10600.
Ocotea praetermissa van der Werff
Small tree reproductive at 4-8 m, exposed riges and swamp; fruit solitary on 14 mm peduncle, cupule red, narrowly conical, 16 mm long x 8 mm wide at lip, berry 11 x 13 mm, green to black; seed ...
An uncommon understory to subcanopy tree in elfin forest, swamp, and on exposed ridges in high cloud forest. FL: apr...; FR: apr...
Haber 10668
Ocotea sinuata (Mez) Rohwer (Quizarrá caca, Quizarrá hediondo- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, 10-20 m, forest and pasture; twigs weakly asymmetric, becoming round when woody, green when young with dense pubescence, becoming glabrous when woody; petioles 2-3.5 cm, round or grooved; leaves densely soft pubescent above and below, blade 13-25 cm long by 5-10 cm wide, apex acute, base obtuse to truncate, free from petiole, not revolute, midvein weakly raised above, lateral veins 12-15, strongly expressed below, odor mild; inflorescences erect, 15-25 cm long, with 10-30 flowers; flower 13-15 mm across, pink outside, pink-white inside, densely pubescent; fruit ...
Pacific slope moist forest at 1000-1300 m (Stella’s, Finca Ecologica, Mariano, Lindora light plant) FL: feb-mar; FR:
Haber 7210
Ocotea tenera Mez & Donn. Sm. ex Mez (Aguacatillo, Quizarrá lentisco- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, 3-8 m, understory and edge; twigs green, round, without ridges or grooves; petiole to 11 mm, ridged; leaves to 5.5 x 15 cm, totally glabrous, membranous, slightly bullate, narrowly elliptic, tip acuminate, base acute to rounded, free from petiole, margin undulate, lateral veins 5-7, loop connected away from margin, weakly expressed below, tertiary veins obscure, inconspicuous glabrous domatia on lateral veins, often 1mm from midvein, odor strong; peduncle 1-5 cm, axillary or terminal, in same plane of twigs, once branched, few flowered; flowers unisexual, 2.5 mm, yellow-green, tepals barely spreading; fruit black with red cupule ...
Haber 3677
Ocotea tonduzii Standl. ('Ira marañon)
[= O. insularis (Meissn.) Mez]
Tree, 10-30 m, mature forest and pasture; twigs often D-shaped with dors0-lateral margins ridged, especially in saplings; petiole to 1.5 cm, reddish; leaves to 6 x 11 cm (-10 x 30 cm), stiff, widest beyond middle, tip blunt to short acute, base revolute and extending onto petiole, lateral veins expressed below, pubescence of fine appressed yellow hairs below, mild odor; fruit to 12 x 15 mm, green with yellow speckles immature to black mature, tip flat to slightly impressed, cupule 9-11 mm diameter, red orange with persistent 2 mm tepals; seed to 8 x 14 mm, football-shaped, faintly 8-ridged, brown.
Common, Pc at 1450-1550 m; At at 600-1500 m. FR: may-jul.
Haber 10616
Note: = O. insularis (Meisn.) Mez
Ocotea valeriana (Standl.) W.C. Burger
Tree, 6-15 m, mature forest understory. Twigs slightly flattened, barely grooved, glabrous to densely hairy; leaves persistent along larger twigs and also bunched at twig tips, spiralled, to 7 x 14 cm, petiole to 1 cm, channeled above, blade stiff to leathery, glabrous to hairy above, crooked hairs on veins, densely soft pubescent below and on veins, base obtuse, tip rounded to bluntly acute, widest at or beyond middle, lateral veins 7-8, expressed, tertiary veins expressed; inflos among or below leaves;
Occasional, Pc at 1450-1550 m; (Fogden's pasture behind Hummer Gallery)
Haber 9538
Ocotea veraguensis (Meissn.) Mez (Canelo)
Tree, 5-20 m. Twigs tan, ridged, with few lenticels, glabrous; petioles 4-7 mm, soon glabrous, deeply grooved, free from blade; blades glabrous, uniformly small, to 3.5 x 8 cm, apex blunt acute, base acute, midvein finely expressed above, green, lateral veins 7-9, flat above, almost flat below, green and inconspicuous, margin somewhat wavy, odor strong;
Occasional, Pacific slope at 0-900 m, especially in riparian forest.
Haber 10647
Ocotea viridiflora Lundell
Tree, 10-30 m, mature forest, swamp, especially cloud forest peaks and ridges exposed to trade winds; bark red and fairly smooth; young twigs round shiny green, without ridges, totally glabrous including leaf buds; older twigs brown-green (duck boat green), round, not ridged or angled, solid, often supporting leaves below branch junctions; branches becoming red brown; petiole to 2 cm (long compared to other species), D-shaped, barely ridged laterally near blade, distinct from blade, expanding toward base like Sapotaceae; leaves mostly 2.5 x 9 cm (- 3.5 x 11 cm), totally glabrous, blade narrowly elliptic, widest at middle, tip acuminate and twisted, base acute, not revolute, margin conspicuously undulate with about 5 distinct waves, with a 1 mm yellow hyaline margin conspicuous against the light, midvein yellow green above, yellow orange to pale green below, lateral veins 9-11, flat above and below, yellow green above, inconspicuous below, with numerous pit domatia below about 1mm from midvein and scattered further out along lateral veins, appearing as tiny bumps above, reticulations of tertiary veination about twice the size of that in O. meziana, odor mild; inflorescences 3-4 cm, axillary among distal leaves, lateral branches 2-10, 3-10 mm long, with or without additional branches, bearing 1-7 flowers, green and glabrous; flowers 3 mm long x 4 mm wide, green; fruit usually below leaves, with mature cupule red, 2 cm long including pedicel, gradually expanding from pedicel to tip of cup, 12 mm diamter at tip, 3-4 mm deep, tepals absent, rim smooth and unbroken, fruit elliptic, green immature, black mature.
Rare, seen only on upper Nuboso Trail (one at first stream), along upper road in Reserve and along Pantanoso Trail, CHallenge Trail in Santa Elena Reserve. FL: aug-sep...; FR: jun-aug.
Haber 10859
Ocotea whitei Woodson (Ira rosa) (Ira patón- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, 10-30 m; mature forest and pasture; twigs round, not ridged dorsally; leaves to 2.5 x 9 cm with 1cm curled drip tip, appearing glabrous but with sparse appressed golden hairs below, appearing spiralled, margin wavy, midvein reddish below, secondary veins feint, petiole 8 mm, poorly differentiated from blade with blade often retuse at petiole; hermaphroditic; inflos 4-5 cm, peduncles yellow green; flowers 3-4 mm, yellow green, tepals nearly equal, opening to 45 degrees, staminodes absent; fruit black, cupule red. (Tree in Greg Murray's yard, Jun 1991)
Common, Pc at 1200-1550 m; FL: jun-jul; FR:
Haber 11068
Ocotea spec. nov. ('Small leaf Ira marañon')
Haber 11515
Ocotea spec. nov. ('Los Llanos')
(Close to O. tonduzii, but leaf narrower and more acute, less decurrent blade; inflos denser than small leaf Ira Marañon and grows at 1300-1500 m from Los Llanos toward Las Nubes)
Tree, 15-30 m, mature forest. Twigs mottled brown, lenticilate, round, weakley grooved, sometimes hollow; leaves thick and leathery, to 5 x 15 cm, petiole to 1 cm, blade elliptic to oblanceolate, widest beyond the middle, tip acute, base acute and gradually narrowing, weakly decurrent onto petiole but not revolute, midvein raised above and below, lateral veins 7-10, yellow-green above, almost flat, flat or feintly expressed below and inconspicuous, minute golden hairs below on young leaves, odor mild; inflos clustered near twig tips, 3-9 cm, much branched, flowers densely clustered; flowers bisexual, 2.5 mm, tepals, barely spreading, yellow; fruit
Common, Pc at 1200-1450 m, Los Llanos to Canitas and Las Nubes area. FL: aug; FR:
Guindon 20
Ocotea spec. nov. ('Tajo')
Tree, 25 m, mature forest; bark smooth, mottled gray with lichens; twigs finely to deeply grooved, rusty puberulent; petiole to 3.5 cm, rust brown puberulent, D-shaped to shallow grooved above; leaves to 11 x 23 cm, glabrous above, micro-puberulent below (at 30 X), membranous, pendant when new, turning orange before falling, widest beyond middle, tip acute to acuminate, base acute, distinct from petiole, lateral veins 8-9, flat above (pale green), expressed below (green to rusty puberulent, cross veins expressed below, but small tertiary veins obscure, note bien: tiny black setae on folded leaves and pedicel; inflos 3-5 cm, in axils 2-3 leaves below twig tips, unbranched, with 4-9 sessile flowers per peduncle; buds 7 mm wide, orange brown, 3 outer tepals valvate and completely covering inner tepals; flowers with pedicel 8 mm, orange brown puberulent, tepals thick and fleshy, opening to horizontal, 14 mm across at anthesis, tepals 4.5 x 7 mm, orange brown puberulent outside, white pappilose inside; fruiting peduncles 3-5 cm, 2-3 mm thick, stiff but bowing, bearing 1-3 fruit; cupule and pedicel 20-25 mm long, 17-20 mm wide at lip, conical, red, faintly ridged and quite bumpy, lip feintly corrogate and bearing residual tepals, fruit 20 x 30 mm, green speckled with yellow immature to black mature; seed 17 x 22 mm, smooth, dark brown with black streaks.
Rare, Pc at 1400 m (Quebrada Maquina). FL: aug, FR: jul-aug.
Haber 10808,10813
Persea americana Mill. ('Big fruit') (Aguacate)
Tree, 15-40 m, mature forest. Twigs stout, to 1 cm diameter near ends, black, sparse large lenticels, leaf buds with appressed pubescence; leaves slternate, often bunched at twig tips, to 10 x 18 cm, petiole to 4 cm, deep narrow groove above, glabrous, blade broadly ovate to obovate, thick and leathery, a bit crinkly, tip bluntly acute, base obtuse, often unequal, lateral veins 9-10, flat above, expressed below, glabrous above, very sparse pubescent along veins below, midvein flat above, expressed below; fruit 7-8 cm, globose, green to brown, surface glabrous, scaly to worty, rind yellow green inside, seed x-section rose pink, strong spicy odor, pedicel stout and woody, 1-2 cm.
Occasional, Pc at 1400-1600 m, most common at 1500-1550 m. FR: dec-feb. Distinguished from P. americana by the larger fruit and leaves and generally higher distribution in cloud forest.
Haber 10972
Persea americana Mill. ('Small fruit') (Aguacate)
Haber 9850
Persea caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (Aguacatillo, Ira café- Leon & Poveda)
Haber 9783
Persea schiedeana Nees (Aguacate de montaña, Aguacatón, Yas- Leon & Poveda)
Haber 8238
Persea veraguasensis Seem. (Aguacatillo- Leon & Poveda)
Tree, 7-30 m. Twigs thick, 5-7 mm, carpeted gray brown puberulent, feintly ridged below petioles; leaves spiralled, somewhat bunched at twig tips, to 5 x 14 cm, petiole 2-5 cm, puberulent, feintly grooved above, size highly variable on same twig, blade glabrous (some minute appressed hairs persistent along veins below), lanceolate, mostly widest below middle, tip and base acute, midvein almost flat above, expressed below, lateral veins 8-10, flat above, expresssed below, blade dark green above, paler blue-green below, base often with marginal veins, odor strong; inflos 5-11 cm, terminal and bunched at twig tips, lateral branches 3-8 mm and mostly with 2-3 flowers each; flowers 6 mm, pedicels 2 mm, outer tepals 2/3 as long as inner tepals, all tepals pubescent outside, outer trepals glabrous inside, inner tepals sericeous inside, stamens elongate with long filaments;
Moist forest at 1200-1300 m (Buckholtz, Los Llanos)
Haber 10819
Pleurothyrium guindonii van der Werff
Tree, 15-25 m. Twigs minutely puberulent when young, green-brown, ridged, brown and round with prominent lenticels shaped like lips when woody; leaf buds fine pubescent; petioles 10-13 mm, fine pubes, grooved when older; blade to 4.5 x 11 cm, glab, weakly bullate between lateral veins, obovate, apex rounded to acute, base acute, often weakly revolute, but distinct from petiole, midvein raised above, lateral veins 7-9, flat aboive, weakly raised below, odor strong in petiole.
Rare, along road road to Las Nubes
Haber 11089, Guindon 27
Pleurothyrium palmanum (Mez & Donn. Sm.) Rohwer
Tree, 15-25 m. Twigs round, without grooves, 4-5 mm diameter, densely rust brown tomentose; leaves bunched at twig tips, petiole to 2 cm, tomentose, round in x-sec, free from blade; blade to 9 x 14 cm, stiff and leathery, glabrous dark green above with brown pubescent veins, becoming pale green as pubescence lost, densely short pubescent below, rusty on veins, cafe on lamina, widest at or beyond middle, tip rounded to bluntly acute, base acute to obtuse, 5-7 lateral veins, strongly expressed above and below; hermaphroditic; inflorescences 4-17 cm, bunched at twig tips, lateral branches usually with at least 3 (1-6) flowers; flowers 10 mm long, to 15 mm across, tepals 6-7 mm, subequal, cream white, papillose inside, rusty puberulent outside, pollen pockets near tip ventral pair pointing outward, large cream glands between stamens, sweet odor, staminodes white, dome-shaped and shorter than glands; fruit black with a brown cupule.
Wolf Guindon's farm, 22 AUG 91.
Tree, 20 m, forest; leaves to 5 x 10 cm, glabrous, leathery, retuse at base, petiole 1cm, grooved above; fruit cupule to 2 x 2.5 cm, red green, lenticellate, rim spitting irregularly at maturity, fruit 2 x 3 cm, 1.5 cm, black, exposed above cupule rim.
Rare, Pacific slope at 1400-1550 m, Monteverde to La Cruz; AS at 1200 m (San Gerardo).
FL: Jun, Aug. FR: Apr-Jun.
Haber 9526, Guindon 3