Got result using two methods, and explained in "pmap" way. Script started on Mon Feb 15 00:36:49 2010 wwgong@sf06:~/cs644/hw1$ ps PID TTY TIME CMD 18551 pts/2 00:00:00 bash 18558 pts/2 00:00:00 ps wwgong@sf06:~/cs644/hw1$cat /proc/18551/maps 00400000-004c2000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 4268059 /bin/bash 006c1000-006cb000 rw-p 000c1000 08:11 4268059 /bin/bash 006cb000-006d0000 rw-p 006cb000 00:00 0 01c2c000-01cfa000 rw-p 01c2c000 00:00 0 [heap] 7fca9b81e000-7fca9b829000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447718 /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so 7fca9b829000-7fca9ba28000 ---p 0000b000 08:11 5447718 /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so 7fca9ba28000-7fca9ba29000 r--p 0000a000 08:11 5447718 /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so 7fca9ba29000-7fca9ba2a000 rw-p 0000b000 08:11 5447718 /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so 7fca9ba2a000-7fca9ba34000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447722 /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so 7fca9ba34000-7fca9bc33000 ---p 0000a000 08:11 5447722 /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so 7fca9bc33000-7fca9bc34000 r--p 00009000 08:11 5447722 /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so 7fca9bc34000-7fca9bc35000 rw-p 0000a000 08:11 5447722 /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so 7fca9bc35000-7fca9bc4b000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447712 /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so 7fca9bc4b000-7fca9be4a000 ---p 00016000 08:11 5447712 /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so 7fca9be4a000-7fca9be4b000 r--p 00015000 08:11 5447712 /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so 7fca9be4b000-7fca9be4c000 rw-p 00016000 08:11 5447712 /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so 7fca9be4c000-7fca9be4e000 rw-p 7fca9be4c000 00:00 0 7fca9be4e000-7fca9be56000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447714 /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so 7fca9be56000-7fca9c055000 ---p 00008000 08:11 5447714 /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so 7fca9c055000-7fca9c056000 r--p 00007000 08:11 5447714 /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so 7fca9c056000-7fca9c057000 rw-p 00008000 08:11 5447714 /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so 7fca9c057000-7fca9c1c0000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447705 /lib/libc-2.8.90.so 7fca9c1c0000-7fca9c3bf000 ---p 00169000 08:11 5447705 /lib/libc-2.8.90.so 7fca9c3bf000-7fca9c3c3000 r--p 00168000 08:11 5447705 /lib/libc-2.8.90.so 7fca9c3c3000-7fca9c3c4000 rw-p 0016c000 08:11 5447705 /lib/libc-2.8.90.so 7fca9c3c4000-7fca9c3c9000 rw-p 7fca9c3c4000 00:00 0 7fca9c3c9000-7fca9c3cb000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447709 /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so 7fca9c3cb000-7fca9c5cb000 ---p 00002000 08:11 5447709 /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so 7fca9c5cb000-7fca9c5cc000 r--p 00002000 08:11 5447709 /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so 7fca9c5cc000-7fca9c5cd000 rw-p 00003000 08:11 5447709 /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so 7fca9c5cd000-7fca9c604000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447745 /lib/libncurses.so.5.6 7fca9c604000-7fca9c803000 ---p 00037000 08:11 5447745 /lib/libncurses.so.5.6 7fca9c803000-7fca9c808000 rw-p 00036000 08:11 5447745 /lib/libncurses.so.5.6 7fca9c808000-7fca9c827000 r-xp 00000000 08:11 5447696 /lib/ld-2.8.90.so 7fca9ca19000-7fca9ca1b000 rw-p 7fca9ca19000 00:00 0 7fca9ca23000-7fca9ca26000 rw-p 7fca9ca23000 00:00 0 7fca9ca26000-7fca9ca27000 r--p 0001e000 08:11 5447696 /lib/ld-2.8.90.so 7fca9ca27000-7fca9ca28000 rw-p 0001f000 08:11 5447696 /lib/ld-2.8.90.so 7fffa4a12000-7fffa4a27000 rw-p 7ffffffea000 00:00 0 [stack] 7fffa4bfe000-7fffa4bff000 r-xp 7fffa4bfe000 00:00 0 [vdso] ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall] ################################################################################################ wwgong@sf06:~/cs644/hw1$ pmap 18551 18551: bash -i 0000000000400000 776K r-x-- /bin/bash ### code ### 00000000006c1000 40K rw--- /bin/bash ### data ### 00000000006cb000 20K rw--- [ anon ] ### heap ### 0000000001c2c000 824K rw--- [ anon ] 00007fca9b81e000 44K r-x-- /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so ### nss lib DLL code ### 00007fca9b829000 2044K ----- /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so 00007fca9ba28000 4K r---- /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so 00007fca9ba29000 4K rw--- /lib/libnss_files-2.8.90.so ### nss lib DLL data ### 00007fca9ba2a000 40K r-x-- /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so ### nss lib DLL code ### 00007fca9ba34000 2044K ----- /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so 00007fca9bc33000 4K r---- /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so 00007fca9bc34000 4K rw--- /lib/libnss_nis-2.8.90.so ### ns lib DLL data ### 00007fca9bc35000 88K r-x-- /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so ### nsl lib DLL code ### 00007fca9bc4b000 2044K ----- /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so 00007fca9be4a000 4K r---- /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so 00007fca9be4b000 4K rw--- /lib/libnsl-2.8.90.so ### nsl lib DLL data ### 00007fca9be4c000 8K rw--- [ anon ] 00007fca9be4e000 32K r-x-- /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so ### nss_compat lib DLL code ### 00007fca9be56000 2044K ----- /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so 00007fca9c055000 4K r---- /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so 00007fca9c056000 4K rw--- /lib/libnss_compat-2.8.90.so ### nss_compat lib DLL data ### 00007fca9c057000 1444K r-x-- /lib/libc-2.8.90.so ### C lib DLL code ### 00007fca9c1c0000 2044K ----- /lib/libc-2.8.90.so 00007fca9c3bf000 16K r---- /lib/libc-2.8.90.so 00007fca9c3c3000 4K rw--- /lib/libc-2.8.90.so ### C lib DLL data ### 00007fca9c3c4000 20K rw--- [ anon ] 00007fca9c3c9000 8K r-x-- /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so ### C lib DLL code ### 00007fca9c3cb000 2048K ----- /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so 00007fca9c5cb000 4K r---- /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so 00007fca9c5cc000 4K rw--- /lib/libdl-2.8.90.so ### dl lib DLL data ### 00007fca9c5cd000 220K r-x-- /lib/libncurses.so.5.6 ### ncurses lib DLL code ### 00007fca9c604000 2044K ----- /lib/libncurses.so.5.6 00007fca9c803000 20K rw--- /lib/libncurses.so.5.6 ### ncurses lib DLL data ### 00007fca9c808000 124K r-x-- /lib/ld-2.8.90.so ### ld lib (DLL loader) code ### 00007fca9ca19000 8K rw--- [ anon ] 00007fca9ca23000 12K rw--- [ anon ] 00007fca9ca26000 4K r---- /lib/ld-2.8.90.so 00007fca9ca27000 4K rw--- /lib/ld-2.8.90.so ### ld lib (DLL loader) data ### 00007fffa4a12000 84K rw--- [ stack ] ### stack ### 00007fffa4bfe000 4K r-x-- [ anon ] ffffffffff600000 4K r-x-- [ anon ] total 18200K wwgong@sf06:~/cs644/hw1$ exit exit Script done on Mon Feb 15 00:37:14 2010