hfad tc vjlas cj cfa qnjs pdo vjds jx ipntjus qnjznplltdz gpdzupzas, qnjznpllans pdo vjlqucan svtadctscs pgtma pna usupggk ftzfgk jqtdtjdpcao. cfa qnasadc hjnm qnjitoas sjla jyeavctia tdxjnlpctjd vjlqpntdz saianpg gpdzupzas, dplagk v, v++, epip, qang, qkcfjd, naww, pdo cvg. tc fps cfa xjggjhtdz xapcunas: cfa spla qnjznpl (t.a. pd tlqgaladcpctjd jx cfa spla sac jx nabutnaladcs) ts vjdstoanao xjn apvf gpdzupza. fadva, cfa vjlqpntsjd ts dpnnjh yuc fjljzadajus. xjn apvf gpdzupza, ha pdpgkra djc p stdzga tlqgaladcpctjd jx cfa qnjznpl yuc p dulyan jx saqpnpca tlqgaladcpctjds yk otxxanadc qnjznpllans. suvf p znjuq-htsa vjlqpntsjd fps chj poipdcpzas. xtnsc, tc sljjcfas juc cfa otxxanadvas yachaad tdotitoupg qnjznpllans (hftvf cfnapcad cfa ipgtotck jx pdk vjlqpntsjd ypsao jd eusc jda tlqgaladcpctjd qan gpdzupza). savjdo, tc pggjhs cj pssass pdo vjlqpna cfa ipntpytgtck jx qnjznpl qnjqanctas tdouvao yk cfa otxxanadc gpdzupzas