References

Many of these sources were found at the New England Botanical Club Library.  Many thanks to the NEBC!

 Allen, S. (1995). Out-of-control vegetation choking parts of the Charles. The Boston Globe: 1,25.

 Andrew, L. (1924). Flora of Springfield, Massachusetts. Springfield, MA, Museum of Natural History.

 Angelo, R. (1978). Concord Area Shrubs. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University.

 Appel, A.(1998). Fighting - and losing to - the water chestnut. The Boston Globe: 12.

 Arnold, H. J. a. B., S. Waldo (1957). Bartholomew's Cobble - Sheffield, Mass.; Berkshire County. Town of Sheffield.

 Bicknell, E. P. (1908-1919). "The Ferns and Flowering Plants of Nantucket." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 35-46.

 Bigelow, J. (1824). Florula Bostoniensis. Boston, Cummings, Hillard and Co.

 Bigelow, V. E. (1898). A Narrative History of the Town of Cohasset, MA. Cohasset, MA, Committee on Town History.

 Blake, S. F. (1964). "The Flora of Stoughton, Mass." Rhodora 66(31).

 Brewster, W. (1918). "Exotic Plants Established in Middlesex County, Massachusetts." Rhodora 20: 264-265.

 Churchill, J. R. (1902). "Some Plants from Prince Edward Island." Rhodora 4: 31-36.

 Cobb, N. A. (1887). A List of Plants Found Growing Wild within Thirty Miles of Amherst. Northhampton, MA, S.E. Bridgman and Co.

 Collins, J. F. (1899). "Rhode Island Plant-Notes - II." Rhodora 1: 105-107.

 Collins, F. S. (1910). "Flora of Lower Cape Cod; Supplementary Note." Rhodora 12: 8-10.

 Committee on the Boston Flora (C. H. Knowlton, D. W. (1907-1924). "Flora of the Boston District." Rhodora 9-26(1-49).

 Converse, C. K. (1985). Element Stewardship Abstract for Rhamnus cathartica and Rhamnus frangula. Arlington, VA, The Nature Conservancy.

 Cook, M. P. (1898). "Some Additions to the Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts." Rhodora 1: 80-82.

 Cook (1899). Rhodora 1: 80-82.

 Coon, N. (1969). Wild Flowers of Martha's Vineyard. Vineyard Haven, MA, Nelson Coon.

 Crosby, Alfred W. (1986).  Ecological Imperialism - The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900.  New York, Cambridge University Press.

 Dame, L. L. a. C., F.S. (1888). Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Malden, MA, Middlesex Institute.

 Day, M. A. (1899). "The Local Floras of New England." Rhodora 1(6): 111-120.

 Deane, W. (1896). Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan District Commission, MA. Boston, C.M. Barrows and Co.

 Deane, W. (1915). "Floral Change in a Salt Marsh During Reclamation." Rhodora 17: 205-222.

 Dewey, C. (1829). Flora of Berkshire County. History of Berkshire County. Rev. Dr. Field.

 DiGregorio, M. J. a. W., Jeff (1985). Wildflowers of the Cape Cod Canal - an annotated list. Bourne, MA, Bourne Historical Commission.

 Diltberner, P. L., Dietz, Donald R., Wasser, Clinton H., Martin, Chester O., and Mitchell, Wilma A. (1992). Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata): Section 75.7, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual, Technical Report EL-92-15, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Mississippi, US Army Corps of Engineers.

 Dreyer, G. D. (1985). Element Stewardship Abstract for Celastrus orbiculatus, The Nature Conservancy.

 Eaton, R. J. (1936). "Some Adventitious Plants in Concord, Massachusetts." Rhodora 38: 64-67.

 Eaton, R. J. (1947). "Lemna minor as an aggressive weed in the Sudbury River." Rhodora 49: 165-171.

 Eaton, R. J. (1958). "The Spontaneous Flora of an Old House-Lot in Eastern Massachusetts." Rhodora 60: 61-72.

 Eaton, R. J. (1974). A Flora of Concord. An account of the flowering plants, ferns and fern allies known to have occurred without cultivation in Concord, MA from Thoreau's time to the present day.. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology.

 Eckardt, N. (1995). Element Stewardship Abstract for Elaeagnus umbellata (Autumn Olive). Arlington, VA, The Nature Conservancy.

 Emerson, G. B. (1846). A Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts. Boston, Dutton and Wentworth.

 Emerson, G. B. (1875). A Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the Forests of Massachusetts. Boston, Little, Brown, and Company.

 Federal Interagency Committee for Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds, editors (1998).  Pulling Together: A National Strategy for Management of Invasive Plants.  2nd edition. Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office.

 Fernald, M. L. (1905). "Spergula sativa in Connecticut." Rhodora 7: 151-152.

 Fernald, M. L. (1910). "Notes From The Paenogamic Herbarium of the New Englad Botanical Club - I." Rhodora 12: 185-192.

 Fernald, M. L. (1938). "Noteworthy Plants of Southeastern Virginia." Rhodora 40: 364-424+.

 Fernald, M. L. (1951). "Botanizing on the Gaspe Penninsula1902-1904." Rhodora 53: 1-22.

 Fletcher, E. F. (1913). "Further Wool-Waste Plants at Westford, Massachusetts." Rhodora 15: 172.

 Fogg, J. M. J. (1930). "The Flora of the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts." Rhodora 32: 119-132, 147-161, 167-180, 208-221, 226-258, 263-281.

 Fogg, J. M. J. (1930). "A few noteworthy plants from Falmouth, Massachusetts." Rhodora 32: 103-110.

 Gleason, Henry A. and Cronquist, Arthur (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 2nd edition. New York, The New York Botanical Garden.

 Goodale (1929). Check list of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta occurring in the Connecticut River Watershed in Massachusetts.

 Harris, S. K. (1959). "Two Crucifers New to Essex County, Massachusetts." Rhodora 61: 187.

 Harris, S. K. (1975). Flora of Essex County, Massachusetts. Salem, MA, Peabody Museum.

 Hedge, C. E. (1904). Wild Flowers of Plymouth and Vicinity 1804-1904. Boston, Geo. H. Ellis Co.

 Hellequist, C. B. (1994). "Exotic Aquatic Plants of Massachusetts." Massachusetts Wildlife(Spring 1994): 10-16.

 Hervey, E. W. (1860). A Catalogue of the Plants found in New Bedford and its vicinity; arranged according to the season of their flowering. New Bedford, E. Anthony.

 Hervey, E. W. (1891). Flora of New Bedford, and the Shores of Buzzard's Bay, with a Procession of the Flowers. New Bedford, E. Anthony & Sons, Incorp.

 Hervey, E. W. (1911). Flora of New Bedford, and the Shores of Buzzard's Bay, with a Procession of the Flowers. New Bedford, E. Anthony & Sons, Incorp.

 Hoffman, R. (1922). "Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts." Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 36(5): 171-382.

 Jackson, J. (1883, 1894, 1909, 1927 eds.). Through Glade and Mead: A Contribution to Local Natural History. Worchester, Putnam, Davis and Company.

 Knowlton, C. H. (1900). "Further Notes on the Flora of Worcester County, Massachusetts." Rhodora 2: 201-202.

 Knowlton, C. H. (1911). "Cynanchum nigrum in Barnstable, Massachusetts." Rhodora 13: 70.

 Knowlton, C. H. (1912). "Notes on the Flora of Duxnury, Massachusetts." Rhodora 14: 18-22.

 Knowlton, C. H. (1933). Trees of the Massachusetts South Shore, South Shore Nature Club.

 Knowlton, C. H. (1944). Shrubs and Vines of the South Shore, South Shore Nature Club.

 Knowlton, C. H. (1944). "Two Plants Newly Introduced in Eastern Massachusetts." Rhodora 46: 315-316.

 Lauermann, S. D. (1974). "Flora of Penikese Island: The Centennial Collection and its Biogeographic Implications." Rhodora (separate bound volume).

 Levering, D. (1978). An Illustrated Flora of the Boston Harbor Islands. Boston, MA, Northeastern University Press.

 Livingston, R. B. (1963). Flora of Western New England. Amherst, MA, University of Massachusetts.

 Loomis, M. L. (1917). The Ferns and Flowering Plants of Sherborne, Massachusetts, Growing Without Cultivation. Sherbourne, M.L. Loomis.

 MacKeever, F. C. (1968). Native and Naturalized Plants of Nantucket. Amherst, The University of Massachusetts Press.

 Malecki, R. A., Blossey, Bernd, Hight, Stephen D., Schroeder, Dieter, Kok, Loke T., and Coulson, Jack R. (1993). "Biological control of Purple Loosestrife." Bioscience 43(November): 680-686.

 Manning, W. H. (1895). Preliminary List of Metroplitan Reservations. Brookline, MA, Olmstead, Olmstead and Eliot.

 The Maria Mitchell Association (1977). The Herbarium Specimens of the Maria Mitchell Association, Nantucket, MA. Nantucket, MA, The Maria Mitchell Association.

 Mathieson, A. C. a. F., Richard A. (1973). "Benthic Algae and Vascular Plants of the Lower Merrimack River and Adjacent Shoreline." Rhodora 75: 52+.

 Mauer, T. a. R., Mary J. (1995). Element Stewardship Abstract for Centaurea maculosa - Spotted Knapweed. Arlington, VA, The Nature Conservancy.

 May, J. B. (1912). Rhodora 14: 90-91.

 McDonnell, M. J. (1979). The Flora of Plum Island, Essex County, Massachusetts.

 Miller, Gavin. (1994). GroundWorks '94 (Guelph, Ontario):  INVASIVE ALIEN PLANTS OF ONTARIO: A LIST. Ontario, The Evergreen Foundation.

 Moul, E. T. (1964). Vascular Plants of the Coastal Area of the Cape Cod Region. Woods Hole, MA, Marine Biological Laboratory.

 Neiring, W. A. a. N. C. O., Ed. (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. New York, Alfred A. Knopf.

 Nuzzo, V. A. (1993). "Current and historic distribution of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in Illinois." The Michigan Botanist 32: 23-33.

 Owen, M. L. (1888). A Catalogue of Plants Growing without Cultivation in the County of Nantucket, Mass.. Northhampton, MA, Gazette Printing Company.

 Palmer, E. J. (1930). "The Spontaneous Flora of the Arnold Arboretum." Journal of the Arnold Arboretum XI: 63-119.

 Palmer, E. J. (1947). "Second Supplement to the Spontaneous Flora of the Arnold Arboretum." Journal of the Arnold Arboretum XXVIII.

 Palmer, T. (1997). Flora of the Neponset River Estuary. Milton, Milton Garden Club.

 Pappano, L. (1994). A clearer future for Hardy Pond; Neighbors push to clean muck, weeds. The Boston Globe. Waltham: West Weekly, p. 1.

 Petrides, G. A. (1986). A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs, Northeastern and North-Central United States and Southeastern and South-Central Canada. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company.

 Potter, D., Woodward, N.P., Pride, G.H. and Howard, F.H. (1940). "Notes on the Flora of Worcester County, Massachusetts - II." Rhodora 42: 40-47.

 Primack, R. B. (1972). The Changing Flora of the Hammond Woods. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University.

 Raup, H. M. (1942). Checklist: Flora of the Boston District. Cambridge, MA, New England Botanical Club.

 Rich, W. P. (1900). "Some New Acquaintances." Rhodora 2: 203-205.

 Rich, W. P. (1902). "Preliminary Lists of New England Plants; - IX. Polygonaceae." Rhodora 4: 203-206.

 Rich, W. P. (1908). "City Botanizing." Rhodora 10: 149-155.

 Robinson, J. (1880). The Flora of Essex County, Massachusetts. Salem, MA, Essex Institute.

 Sanders, L. (1993). The "Kudzu" of the Northeast: Rhamnus frangula (Glossy Buckthorn) Its Range, History, Phytophagous Insects, and Invasion patterns and Processes in Selected Pine Forests in Massachusetts, University of Vermont.

 Seymour, F. C. (1963). "New Plants in Old Places." Rhodora 65: 73+.

 Shah, B. (1997). "The Checkered Career of Ailanthus altissima." Arnoldia 57(3): 20-27.

 Shontz, N. N. a. J. P. (1970). "Galinsoga ciliata (Compositae): its arrival and spread in the Northeastern United States." Rhodora 72: 386-391.

 Simonds, A. B., Whittemore, Geo. F., Farrar, William G. and Hartwell, E. Adams (1885). Catalogue of the phaenogamous and vascular cryptogamous plants of Fitchburg, and vicinity. Fitchburg, MA, Fitchburg Agassit Association.

 Sorrie, B. A. a. D., Peter W. (1996). The Vascular and Non-Vascular Flora of Nantucket, Tuckernuck, and Muskeget Islands. Nantucket, MA, Sorrie and Dunwiddie.

 St. John, H., and White, Donald (1920). "The Genus Galinsoga in North America." Rhodora 22: 98-101.

 Stein, Bruce A. and Stephanie R. Flack, eds. (1996). America's Least Wanted: Alien Species Invasions of U.S. Ecosystems. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia.

 Stone, G. E. (1913). A List of Plants Growing Without Cultivation in Franklin, Hampshire and Hampden Counties, Massachusetts. Amherst, MA, Press of Carpenter & Morehouse.

 Svenson, H. K. (1970). "A Linden (Tilia) Forest on Cape Cod (with Extended Notes on Tilia neglecta, Bromus Pubescens, and Rubus Hirtellum)"." Rhodora 72: 339-350.

 Svenson, H. K. (1970). "Western Cape Cod: Plant Notes." Rhodora 72: 1-16.

 Svenson, H. K. a. P., Robert W. (1979). The Flora of Cape Cod: An Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of Barnstable Co., MA. Barnstable, MA, Cape Cod Museum of Natural History.

 Teele, A. K. e. (1887). The History of Milton, Mass. 1640 to 1887. Boston, MA, Press of Rockwell & Churchill.

 Thompson, D. Q., Stuckey, Ronald L., and Thompson, Edith B. (1987). Spread, Impact, and Control of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North American Wetands. Washington, D.C., U.S. Departmnet of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service.

 Townsend, A. (1997). "Japanese Knotweed: A Reputation Lost." Arnoldia ?(Fall 1997): 13-19.

 Tracy, C. M. (1892). Studies of the Essex Flora: An Enumeration of All Plants found Growing Naturally within the Limits of Lynn, Massachusetts, and Towns Adjoining; with Notes as to Localities and Habits. Lynn, MA, The Nichols Press.

 Tuckerman, E. a. F., Charles C. (1875). A Catalogue of Plants Growing without Cultivation within 30 Miles of Amherst College. Amherst, MA, Edwin Nelson.

 Waltham, T. B. C. o. (1883). A partial list of the native flora of Waltham, MA. Waltham, MA, Edward D. Baker.

 Weatherbee, P. B. (1996). Flora of Berkshire County Massachusetts. Dalton, MA, The Studley Press, Inc.

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 Young, H. A. (1883). "A Catalogue of the Flora of Oak Island, Revere, Massachusetts: with Notes." Bulletin of the Essex Institute 14: 141-157.


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